Select Statements
Last Modified -A SELECT statement can consist of the following basic clauses.
- SELECT
- INTO
- FROM
- JOIN
- WHERE
- GROUP BY
- HAVING
- UNION
- ORDER BY
- LIMIT
SELECT Syntax
The following syntax diagram outlines the syntax supported by the SQL engine of the provider:
SELECT { [ TOP <numeric_literal> | DISTINCT ] { * | { <expression> [ [ AS ] <column_reference> ] | { <table_name> | <correlation_name> } .* } [ , ... ] } [ INTO csv:// [ filename= ] <file_path> [ ;delimiter=tab ] ] { FROM <table_reference> [ [ AS ] <identifier> ] } [ , ... ] [ [ INNER | { { LEFT | RIGHT | FULL } [ OUTER ] } ] JOIN <table_reference> [ ON <search_condition> ] [ [ AS ] <identifier> ] ] [ ... ] [ WHERE <search_condition> ] [ GROUP BY <column_reference> [ , ... ] [ HAVING <search_condition> ] [ UNION [ ALL ] <select_statement> ] [ ORDER BY <column_reference> [ ASC | DESC ] [ NULLS FIRST | NULLS LAST ] ] [ LIMIT <expression> [ { OFFSET | , } <expression> ] ]} | SCOPE_IDENTITY()<expression> ::= | <column_reference> | @ <parameter> | ? | COUNT( * | { [ DISTINCT ] <expression> } ) | { AVG | MAX | MIN | SUM | COUNT } ( <expression> ) | NULLIF ( <expression> , <expression> ) | COALESCE ( <expression> , ... ) | CASE <expression> WHEN { <expression> | <search_condition> } THEN { <expression> | NULL } [ ... ] [ ELSE { <expression> | NULL } ] END | <literal> | <sql_function><search_condition> ::= { <expression> { = | > | < | >= | <= | <> | != | LIKE | NOT_LIKE | IN | NOT_IN | IS_NULL | IS_NOT_NULL | AND | OR | CONTAINS | BETWEEN } [ <expression> ] } [ { AND | OR } ... ] |
Examples
- Return all columns:
SELECT * FROM NorthwindOData - Rename a column:
SELECT [Username] AS MY_Username FROM NorthwindOData - Cast a column's data as a different data type:
SELECT CAST(AnnualRevenue AS VARCHAR) AS Str_AnnualRevenue FROM NorthwindOData - Search data:
- Return the number of items matching the query criteria:
SELECT COUNT(*) AS MyCount FROM NorthwindOData - Return the number of unique items matching the query criteria:
SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT Username) FROM NorthwindOData - Return the unique items matching the query criteria:
SELECT DISTINCT Username FROM NorthwindOData - Summarize data:See Aggregate Functions for details.
SELECT Username, MAX(AnnualRevenue) FROM NorthwindOData GROUP BY Username - Retrieve data from multiple tables.See JOIN Queries for details.
SELECT Customers.ContactName, Orders.OrderDate FROM Customers, Orders WHERE Customers.CustomerID=Orders.CustomerID - Sort a result set in ascending order:
SELECT Email, Username FROM NorthwindOData ORDER BY Username ASC - Restrict a result set to the specified number of rows:
SELECT Email, Username FROM NorthwindOData LIMIT 10 - Parameterize a query to pass in inputs at execution time. This enables you to create prepared statements and mitigate SQL injection attacks.
SELECT * FROM NorthwindOData WHERE Email = @param
Pseudo Columns
Some input-only fields are available in SELECT statements. These fields, called pseudo columns, do not appear as regular columns in the results, yet may be specified as part of the WHERE clause. You can use pseudo columns to access additional features from APIs.
SELECT * FROM NorthwindOData WHERE = '@' |